Resumen
El propósito del estudio es conocer la relación entre el eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro y trastornos neuropsiquiátricos como depresión y TEA. La metodología empleada fue una investigación explicativa transversal mediante revisión literaria en PubMed y Google Scholar (2019-2024), analizando cinco artículos clave. Los hallazgos relevantes indican que la disbiosis intestinal está asociada a inflamación sistémica y alteración de neurotransmisores, influyendo en el desarrollo de depresión y autismo. Se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre la microbiota y la salud mental, y que la modulación mediante probióticos, prebióticos y trasplante fecal ofrece perspectivas terapéuticas innovadoras, aunque se requiere más evidencia clínica para estandarizar tratamientos.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota-intestine-brain axis and neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and ASD. The methodology employed was a cross-sectional explanatory investigation through a literature review in PubMed and Google Scholar (2019-2024), analyzing five key articles. Relevant findings indicate that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with systemic inflammation and neurotransmitter alteration, influencing the development of depression and autism. It is concluded that there is a significant relationship between microbiota and mental health, and that modulation through probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal transplant offers innovative therapeutic perspectives, although more clinical evidence is required to standardize treatments.
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